äžçäžã§ããããã®ä¿è·ãæå±ããè±ç²åªä»è ã®å¥åº·ãæ¯ããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸããããå€åãããããããã®å®è·µçãªæé ããªãœãŒã¹ãäžççåãçµã¿ã玹ä»ããŸãã
è±ç²åªä»è ãå®ãïŒããããä¿è·æŽ»åã®ã°ããŒãã«ã¬ã€ã
äžçã®é£æçç£ãšçç©å€æ§æ§ã®å€§éšåãæ ãéèŠãªè±ç²åªä»è ã§ããããããã¯ãæªæŸæã®è åšã«çŽé¢ããŠããŸããçæ¯å°ã®åªå€±ã蟲è¬ã®äœ¿çšãããæ°åå€åãç æ°ã«è³ããŸã§ããããã®èª²é¡ã¯ç·æ¥ã®è¡åãæ±ããŠããŸãããã®ã¬ã€ãã¯ãããããä¿è·æŽ»åã®å æ¬çãªæŠèŠãæäŸããäžçäžã®å人ãçµç¹ããããã®éèŠãªçç©ãä¿è·ã§ããããæ¯æŽããŸãã
ãªãããããã®ä¿è·ãéèŠãªã®ã
ããããã¯äžçã®èŸ²æ¥çç£ã«å¹Žéæšå®2350åãã«ãã5770åãã«ã®è²¢ç®ãããŠããŸãïŒIPBESã2016幎ïŒã蟲æ¥ä»¥å€ã«ããçæ ç³»ã®å¥åº·ãšå®å®ãç¶æããäžã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããŸãããããããä¿è·ããããšã¯ãåã«èèã®çç£ãå®ãããšã ãã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã¯ãç§ãã¡ã®é£æå®å šä¿éãçç©å€æ§æ§ããããŠå°çå šäœã®å¹žçŠãå®ãããšãªã®ã§ãã
- 飿å®å šä¿éïŒ ç§ãã¡ãé£ã¹ã飿ã®çŽ3åã®1ïŒæç©ãéèãããããå«ãïŒã¯ããããã«ãã£ãŠåç²ãããŠããŸãã
- çç©å€æ§æ§ïŒ å€ãã®éçæ€ç©ã®ç¹æ®ã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããæ€ç©ã®çåœã®å€æ§æ§ãç¶æããŠããŸãã
- çæ ç³»ã®å¥åº·ïŒ ããããã¯çæ ç³»å šäœã®å¥åº·ãšå埩åã«è²¢ç®ããä»ã®çš®ãçæ ç³»ãµãŒãã¹ãæ¯ããŠããŸãã
ããããã®åäœæ°ã«å¯Ÿããè åš
äžçäžã®ããããã®åäœæ°æžå°ã«ã¯ãããã€ãã®èŠå ãå¯äžããŠããŸãïŒ
- çæ¯å°ã®åªå€±ïŒ éœåžåãæ£®æäŒæ¡ãéçŽèŸ²æ¥ã«ãããæ¡é€ãå¶å·£å Žæãæžå°ããŠããŸãã
- 蟲è¬ã®äœ¿çšïŒ ããªãã³ããã€ãããã®ä»ã®èŸ²è¬ã¯ãèŽæ»æªæºã®å¹æãéããŠçŽæ¥çãŸãã¯éæ¥çã«ããããã«å®³ãäžããããæ®ºãããããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- æ°åå€åïŒ æ°è±¡ãã¿ãŒã³ã®å€åãç°åžžæ°è±¡ãéè±ææã®å€åã¯ãããããã®ã©ã€ããµã€ã¯ã«ãšæ¡é€è¡åãä¹±ããŸãã
- ç æ°ãšå¯çè«ïŒ ãããããã®ã€ã¿ãããããããæ°ç®¡ãããããŸããŸãªãŠã€ã«ã¹æ§ããã³çèæ§ã®ç æ°ãããããã®ã³ãããŒã匱ãããŸãã
- åäžæ œå¹èŸ²æ¥ïŒ åºå€§ãªå°åã§åäžã®äœç©ãæ œå¹ããæ £è¡ã¯ãè±ç²ãšèæºã®å€æ§æ§ãæžå°ãããããããã®æ é€ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
广çãªããããä¿è·æŽ»åæŠç¥
ããããã®ä¿è·ãæå±ããã«ã¯ãæè²ãæ¿ç倿Žãæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µããããŠã³ãã¥ããã£ã®é¢äžãå«ãå€é¢çãªã¢ãããŒããå¿ èŠã§ãã
1. æè²ãšæèåäž
ããããã®éèŠæ§ãšåœŒããçŽé¢ããè åšã«ã€ããŠäžè¬ã®æèãé«ããããšã¯ãä¿è·æŽ»åãžã®æ¯æãåŸãããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- ã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ããïŒ åŠæ ¡ãå°åå£äœãå°å ã®çµç¹åãã«ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ããããã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãäŒç»ããããããã®çç©åŠãåç²ãä¿è·ã«ã€ããŠäººã ã«æè²ããŸããäŸãã°ãPollinator Partnershipãšããçµç¹ã¯ããããã幎霢局åãã®æè²ãªãœãŒã¹ãããã°ã©ã ãæäŸããŠããŸãã
- ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã£ã³ããŒã³ïŒ ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãæŽ»çšããŠããããããä¿è·æŽ»åã«é¢ããæ å ±ãç»åãåç»ãå ±æããŸãã#ããããä¿è·ã#ãããããæãã#è±ç²åªä»è ã®å¥åº· ãªã©ã®é¢é£ããã·ã¥ã¿ã°ã䜿çšããŸãããã
- ææïŒ ãããããšãã®éèŠæ§ã«é¢ãããã³ãã¬ããããã¹ã¿ãŒããã¡ã¯ãã·ãŒããªã©ã®ææãäœæããé åžããŸãã
- åžæ°ç§åŠãããžã§ã¯ãïŒ ããããã®ã«ãŠã³ããçæ¯å°ãããã³ã°ãªã©ã®åžæ°ç§åŠãããžã§ã¯ãã«äžè¬åžæ°ãåå ããã貎éãªããŒã¿ãåéããæèãé«ããŸããã°ã¬ãŒãã»ãµã³ãã©ã¯ãŒã»ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã誰ã§ãåå ããŠåºã®è±ç²åªä»è ã®è¡åã芳å¯ã§ãããããžã§ã¯ãã®è¯ãäŸã§ãã
2. æ¿çãšæ³èŠå¶
ãããããä¿è·ããè±ç²åªä»è ã®å¥åº·ãä¿é²ããæ¿çãæ³èŠå¶ãæå±ããããšã¯ãé·æçãªä¿è·ã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- ãããŒæŽ»åãšæå±ïŒ å°æ¹ãåœãåœéã¬ãã«ã®éžåºããã圹人ã«é£çµ¡ãåããæå®³ãªèŸ²è¬ã®èŠå¶ãè±ç²åªä»è ã®ç ç©¶ã»çæ¯å°å埩ãžã®è³éæäŸãªã©ãããããä¿è·ãæ¯æŽããæ¿çãæå±ããŸãã
- æç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥ã®æ¯æŽïŒ 茪äœã被èŠäœç©ã蟲è¬äœ¿çšã®åæžãªã©ãæç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥æ £è¡ãä¿é²ããæ¿çãæå±ããŸããè±ç²åªä»è ãä¿è·ããæç¶å¯èœãªé£æã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããããã®åºç¯ãªåãçµã¿ã®äŸãšããŠãEUã®ãèŸ²å Žããé£åãŸã§ãæŠç¥ã«æ³šç®ããŠãã ããã
- çæ¯å°ã®ä¿è·ïŒ èå°ãç§èå°ã森æãªã©ã®ããããã®çæ¯å°ã®ä¿è·ãšå埩ãæå±ããŸããéœåžéšã«è±ç²åªä»è ã«åªããç·å°ãåµåºããã€ãã·ã¢ãããæ¯æŽããŸãã
- ç ç©¶ã®ä¿é²ïŒ ããããã®å¥åº·ãç æ°ã蟲è¬ãæ°åå€åã®åœ±é¿ã«é¢ããç ç©¶ãžã®è³éå¢é¡ãæå±ããŸãã
3. æç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µ
蟲æ¥ãåèžãåå°ç®¡çã«ãããŠæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µã奚å±ããå®è¡ããããšã¯ãããããã®åäœæ°ã«å€§ããªå©çããããããŸãã
- è±ç²åªä»è ã«åªããã¬ãŒããã³ã°ïŒ ããããã«èãšè±ç²ãæäŸããåšæ¥ã®è±ãäœæšãæš¹æšãæ€ããŸããåºãæ¯èгã«èŸ²è¬ãé€èå€ã䜿çšããªãã§ãã ããã幎éãéããŠç°ãªãææã«éè±ãã倿§ãªæ€ç©ãæ€ããããããã¬ãŒãã³ãæ€èšããŸãããã
- æç¶å¯èœãªé€èïŒ ããããã®å¥åº·ãšçŠç¥ãåªå ããæç¶å¯èœãªé€èæ¹æ³ãå®è·µããŸããããã«ã¯ããããããã®ã€ã¿ããããã®ä»ã®å®³è«ã管çããããã®ç·åçç 害è«ç®¡çæŠç¥ã®äœ¿çšãé©åãªæ é€ã®æäŸãæçç©è³ªã®éå°äœ¿çšã®åé¿ãå«ãŸããŸãã
- 蟲è¬äœ¿çšã®åæžïŒ 蟲æ¥ã«ãããç·åçç 害è«ç®¡çïŒIPMïŒæŠç¥ã®æ¡çšãä¿é²ãã蟲è¬ãžã®äŸåãæžãããŸããIPMã¯ããããããä»ã®æçãªæè«ãžã®å®³ãæå°éã«æããæ¹æ³ã§å®³è«ã管çããããã«ãçç©çãæåçãååŠçãªé²é€ãçµã¿åãããŠäœ¿çšããŸãã
- çæ¯å°ã®ååŸ©ïŒ åšæ¥ã®éèãèãæ€ããŠãå£åããçæ¯å°ãå埩ãããŸãã裞å°ãæšã®å±±ã人工ã®ããããã®å·£ãæäŸããŠãããããã®å¶å·£å ŽæãäœããŸãã
4. ã³ãã¥ããã£ã®é¢äž
ããããä¿è·æŽ»åã«ã³ãã¥ããã£ãé¢äžãããããšã¯ãåœäºè æèãçã¿åºããå人ãè¡åãèµ·ããåãäžããããšãã§ããŸãã
- ã³ãã¥ããã£ã¬ãŒãã³ïŒ è±ç²åªä»è ã«åªããæ€ç©ãæ€ããã³ãã¥ããã£ã¬ãŒãã³ãèšç«ããããããã®çæ¯å°ãæäŸããåç²ã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠäººã ãæè²ããŸãã
- é€èã¯ã©ãïŒ å°å ã®é€èã¯ã©ãã«åå ããããèšç«ããŠé€èã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãä»ã®äººãšç¥èãå ±æããŸãã
- æè²ã€ãã³ãïŒ ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ããããã£ãŒã«ãããŒãªã©ã®æè²ã€ãã³ããäŒç»ããããããã®ä¿è·ãšæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µã«ã€ããŠäººã ã«æããŸãã
- ããŒãããŒã·ããïŒ å°å ã®äŒæ¥ãçµç¹ãåŠæ ¡ãšææºããŠãããããä¿è·ã®ã€ãã·ã¢ãããæšé²ããŸãã
ããããä¿è·ã®ããã®äžççã€ãã·ã¢ãã
æ°å€ãã®çµç¹ãã€ãã·ã¢ããããäžçäžã§ãããããä¿è·ããè±ç²åªä»è ã®å¥åº·ãä¿é²ããããã«æŽ»åããŠããŸãã
- Pollinator PartnershipïŒåç±³ïŒïŒ è±ç²åªä»è ãšãã®çæ¯å°ã®ä¿è·ã«å°å¿µããéå¶å©å£äœãæè²ãªãœãŒã¹ãç ç©¶å©æéãæå±ããã°ã©ã ãæäŸããŠããŸãã
- Bumblebee Conservation TrustïŒè±åœïŒïŒ è±åœã®ãã«ãããããšãã®çæ¯å°ã®ä¿è·ã«å°å¿µããæ åå£äœã
- ApimondiaïŒåœéïŒïŒ åœéé€èå®¶åäŒé£åããã¹ãŠã®åœã«ãããé€èã®ç§åŠçãçæ åŠçã瀟äŒçãçµæžççºå±ãä¿é²ããŠããŸãã
- FAOïŒåœé£é£ç³§èŸ²æ¥æ©é¢ïŒïŒ 飿å®å šä¿éãšæç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥ã«ãããè±ç²åªä»è ã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠã®æèåäžã«åãçµãã§ããŸãã
- 欧å·é£åå®å šæ©é¢ïŒEFSAïŒïŒ 蟲è¬ãããããã«äžãããªã¹ã¯ã«ã€ããŠããªã¹ã¯ç®¡çè ã«ç§åŠçå©èšãæäŸããŠããŸãã
ããªããåããå®è·µçãªã¹ããã
èæ¯ãå Žæã«é¢ä¿ãªãã誰ããããããä¿è·æŽ»åã«è²¢ç®ã§ããŸãã
- åºããã«ã³ããŒã«è±ç²åªä»è ã«åªããè±ãæ€ããã
- 蟲è¬ãé€èå€ã®äœ¿çšãé¿ããã
- å°å ã®é€èå®¶ãæ¯æŽãã圌ãã®èèããã®ä»ã®è£œåãè³Œå ¥ããã
- ããããã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠèªåèªèº«ãšä»ã®äººãæè²ããã
- ãããããä¿è·ããè±ç²åªä»è ã®å¥åº·ãä¿é²ããæ¿çãæå±ããã
- ããããã®ä¿è·ã«åãçµãã§ããçµç¹ã«å¯ä»ããã
- åºãå°åã«ããããã«åªããçæ¯å°ãäœããããŒããã«ã建ãŠãããå¶å·£ã®ããã«è£žå°ãæ®ãããããããšãæ€èšããã
ç¹å®ã®å°çèŠæš¡ã®èª²é¡ãžã®åãçµã¿
ããããä¿è·ã®åãçµã¿ã¯ãäžçã®ããŸããŸãªå°åã§ããããã®åäœçŸ€ãçŽé¢ããç¹å®ã®èª²é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããããã«èª¿æŽãããªããã°ãªããŸãããäŸãã°ïŒ
- ãšãŒãããã§ã¯ïŒ 蟲è¬äœ¿çšã®åæžãæç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥ã®ä¿é²ãçæ¯å°ã®å埩ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãŸããæ¬§å·é£åã®ã2030幎çç©å€æ§æ§æŠç¥ãã«ã¯ãè±ç²åªä»è ã®ä¿è·ãšçæ ç³»ã®å埩ã«é¢ããç®æšãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
- åç±³ã§ã¯ïŒ çæ¯å°ã®åªå€±ãæ°åå€åãç æ°ãããããã®åäœæ°ã«äžãã圱é¿ã«å¯ŸåŠããŸããPollinator Partnershipãä»ã®çµç¹ã¯ãçæ¯å°ã®ååŸ©ãšæç¶å¯èœãªé€èã®å®è·µãæšé²ããŠããŸãã
- ã¢ããªã«ã§ã¯ïŒ 蟲æã³ãã¥ããã£ã®çèšæ©äŒãšããŠæç¶å¯èœãªé€èãä¿é²ããæ£®æäŒæ¡ã蟲è¬äœ¿çšã®è åšã«å¯ŸåŠããŸããBees for Developmentã®ãããªçµç¹ã¯ãéçºéäžåœã§ã®é€èãæ¯æŽããŠããŸãã
- ã¢ãžã¢ã§ã¯ïŒ åšæ¥ã®ããããçš®ãä¿è·ãã蟲è¬ãžã®äŸåãæžããããã®æç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥æ £è¡ãä¿é²ããŸããæ¥æ¬ãéåœã®ãããªåœã ã¯ããããã®èª²é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããããã®åœå®¶çãªè±ç²åªä»è æŠç¥ãçå®ããŠããŸãã
ããããä¿è·ã«ããããã¯ãããžãŒã®åœ¹å²
æ°ãããã¯ãããžãŒããããããä¿è·æŽ»åã«ãããŠãŸããŸãéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããŸãã
- ãªã¢ãŒãã»ã³ã·ã³ã°ïŒ ãããŒã³ãè¡æç»åã䜿çšããŠãããããã®çæ¯å°ãç£èŠããåå°å©çšã®å€åã®åœ±é¿ãè©äŸ¡ã§ããŸãã
- 粟å¯èŸ²æ¥ïŒ GPSèªå°ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãå¯å€æ£åžæ©ãªã©ã®æè¡ã¯ã蟲家ã蟲è¬ã®äœ¿çšãæžãããç¹å®ã®å°åã«å¯Ÿè±¡ãçµã£ãæ£åžãè¡ãã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
- ããŒã¿åæïŒ ããã°ããŒã¿åæã䜿çšããŠãããããã®å¥åº·ããŒã¿ãåæããä¿è·æŽ»åã«åœ¹ç«ã€ãã¿ãŒã³ãç¹å®ã§ããŸãã
- ããããç£èŠã·ã¹ãã ïŒ ã»ã³ãµãŒã䜿çšããŠããããã®ã³ãããŒã®å¥åº·ãšè¡åãç£èŠãã圌ãã®ããŒãºãšèª²é¡ã«é¢ãã貎éãªæŽå¯ãæäŸã§ããŸãã
ããããä¿è·ã®æªæ¥
ããããä¿è·ã®æªæ¥ã¯ã圌ããçŽé¢ããè åšã«å¯ŸåŠããæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µãä¿é²ããããã®ç§ãã¡ã®éåçãªåªåã«ããã£ãŠããŸããååããããšã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯ãããã®éèŠãªè±ç²åªä»è ãä¿è·ããç§ãã¡ã®çæ ç³»ãšé£æã·ã¹ãã ã®å¥åº·ãšæç¶å¯èœæ§ã確ä¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
æªæ¥ã«åããäž»èŠãªçŠç¹åéã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãïŒ
- ç ç©¶ã®å¢å ïŒ ããããã®å¥åº·ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããè€éãªèŠå ãçè§£ãã广çãªä¿è·æŠç¥ãéçºããããã«ã¯ããããªãç ç©¶ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- æ¿ç驿°ïŒ æ¿åºã¯ãæå®³ãªèŸ²è¬ã®èŠå¶ãæç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥ãžã®ã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããªã©ããããããä¿è·ããè±ç²åªä»è ã®å¥åº·ãä¿é²ããæ¿çã宿œããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
- ã³ãã¥ããã£ã®é¢äžïŒ ããããä¿è·æŽ»åã«ã³ãã¥ããã£ãé¢äžãããããšã¯ãåœäºè æèãçã¿åºããå人ãè¡åãèµ·ããåãäžããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- æè¡ã®é²æ©ïŒ ããããã®åäœæ°ãç£èŠãããã®å¥åº·ç¶æ ãè©äŸ¡ããçæ¯å°ããã广çã«ç®¡çããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€æ°ããæè¡ãéçºããå°å ¥ãç¶ããããšã
- ã°ããŒãã«ãªååïŒ æ°åå€åãç æ°ã®èå»¶ãªã©ãããããã®åäœçŸ€ãçŽé¢ããäžççãªèª²é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããããã«ã¯ãåœéçãªååãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
çµè«
ããããä¿è·æŽ»åã¯ãååçã§å€é¢çãªã¢ãããŒããå¿ èŠãšããéèŠãªåãçµã¿ã§ããç§ãã¡èªèº«ãšä»ã®äººã ãæè²ãããããããä¿è·ããæ¿çãæå±ããæç¶å¯èœãªå®è·µãæ¡çšããã³ãã¥ããã£ãé¢äžãããããšã«ãã£ãŠãç§ãã¡ã¯ãããã®éèŠãªè±ç²åªä»è ã®ç掻ã«å€§ããªéããããããããã¹ãŠã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠããå¥åº·çã§æç¶å¯èœãªæªæ¥ã確ä¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ç§ãã¡ã®è±ç²åªä»è ãå®ãéåã«åå ããŸããããããªãã®è¡åãå€åããããããŸãïŒ